The SPD is a very efficient device employed in the protection of a photovoltaic system against surge voltages caused by lightning strokes, grid disturbances, and switching actions. For such PV systems, usually working under high voltage-morning up to 1500V in some commercial applications-it would be safer when an SPD reduced that threat of damage by diverting the excess voltage to the ground safely. This action prevents dangerous surges from reaching sensitive components, especially inverters, which cost in the range of $1,000 to $3,000 to replace when damaged due to a surge.
An SPD is effective since it acts within nanoseconds, hence assuring speedy diversion of excess energy long before any manifestation affects the PV system. This rather fast response time is important in protecting high-voltage components, especially in places where electrical storms occur on a rather frequent basis. Due to this fact, according to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, PV systems with SPDs installed have up to 80% fewer surge-related failures than those without, emphasizing the device’s importance in maintaining system reliability and reducing repair costs.
The durability and performance of an SPD will also depend upon compliance with international standards such as IEC 61643-31, indicating specific requirements in low-voltage surge protection of PV systems. SPDs manufactured to these standards are designed to sustain high voltage and current magnitudes typical of solar installations over a long period. On solar farms, where even short periods of system downtime may lead to substantial losses in productivity, SPDs provide consistent energy production and minimize the economic impact of unexpected shutdowns.
A good quality PV Surge Protection Device is one prudent investment that will provide residential and commercial setup safety and be cost-effective in solar installations. An SPD protects critical PV components against damage, thereby being an important contributor to longer system life, lower maintenance costs, and a reliable power supply.